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  • Mishkat al-Masabih 18 The Offices of Commander and Qadi كتاب الإمارة والقضاء 25


    mishkat 18 The Offices of Commander and Qadi كتاب الإمارة والقضاء 25

    وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسلم: «أَلا كلُّكُمْ راعٍ وكلُّكُمْ مسؤولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ فَالْإِمَامُ الَّذِي عَلَى النَّاسِ رَاعٍ وَهُوَ مسؤولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ وَالرَّجُلُ رَاعٍ عَلَى أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ وَهُوَ مسؤولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ وَالْمَرْأَةُ رَاعِيَةٌ عَلَى بَيْتِ زَوْجِهَا وولدِهِ وَهِي مسؤولةٌ عَنْهُمْ وَعَبْدُ الرَّجُلِ رَاعٍ عَلَى مَالِ سَيِّدِهِ وَهُوَ مسؤولٌ عَنهُ أَلا فكلُّكُمْ راعٍ وكلكُمْ مسؤولٌ عَن رعيتِه»

    ‘Abdallah b. ‘Umar reported God’s Messenger as saying, “Each of you is a shepherd and each of you is responsible for his flock. The imam who is over the people is a shepherd and is responsible for his flock; a man is a shepherd in charge of the inhabitants of his household and he is responsible for his flock; a woman is a shepherdess in charge of her husband’s house and children and she is responsible for them; and a man’s slave is a shepherd in charge of his master’s property and he is responsible for it. So each of you is a shepherd and each of you is responsible for his flock.” (Bukhari and Muslim.)

    Reference : Mishkat al-Masabih 3685 In-book reference : Book 18, Hadith 25:

  • Mishkat al-Masabih 18 The Offices of Commander and Qadi كتاب الإمارة والقضاء 24


    mishkat 18 The Offices of Commander and Qadi كتاب الإمارة والقضاء 24

    وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «تَجِدُونَ مِنْ خَيْرِ النَّاسِ أَشَدَّهُمْ كَرَاهِيَةً لِهَذَا الْأَمْرِ حَتَّى يقَعَ فِيهِ»

    Abu Huraira reported God’s Messenger as saying, “You will find among the best people those who have the strongest dislike of this command till they fall into it.”* (Bukhari and Muslim.) *This is explained as meaning either they cease to dislike having authority and so cease to be among the best people, or they find that God helps them. Preference is given to the first explanation, but the remark is made that whichever explanation is correct, in the end these people do not object to having authority.

    Reference : Mishkat al-Masabih 3684 In-book reference : Book 18, Hadith 24:

  • Mishkat al-Masabih 18 The Offices of Commander and Qadi كتاب الإمارة والقضاء 23


    mishkat 18 The Offices of Commander and Qadi كتاب الإمارة والقضاء 23

    وَعَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَا وَرَجُلَانِ مِنْ بَنِي عَمِّي فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَمِّرْنَا عَلَى بَعْضِ مَا وَلَّاكَ اللَّهُ وَقَالَ الْآخَرُ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ: «إِنَّا وَاللَّهِ لَا نُوَلِّي عَلَى هَذَا الْعَمَلِ أَحَدًا سَأَلَهُ وَلَا أَحَدًا حَرَصَ عَلَيْهِ» . وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ قَالَ: «لَا نَسْتَعْمِلُ عَلَى عَمَلِنَا مَنْ أَرَادَهُ»

    Abu Musa said: Two of my cousins on my father’s side and I went in to see the Prophet and one of them said, “Messenger of God, put us in command of part of what God has put in your charge,” the other also saying the same. He replied, “I swear by God that I will not put in charge, of this work anyone who asks for it, or anyone who is eager for it.” In a version he said, “We will not employ in our work one who wants it.” (Bukhari and Muslim.)

    Reference : Mishkat al-Masabih 3683 In-book reference : Book 18, Hadith 23:

  • Mishkat al-Masabih 18 The Offices of Commander and Qadi كتاب الإمارة والقضاء 22


    mishkat 18 The Offices of Commander and Qadi كتاب الإمارة والقضاء 22

    وَعَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَلَا تَسْتَعْمِلُنِي؟ قَالَ: فَضَرَبَ بِيَدِهِ عَلَى مَنْكِبِي ثُمَّ قَالَ: «يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ إِنَّكَ ضَعِيفٌ وَإِنَّهَا أَمَانَةٌ وَإِنَّهَا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ خِزْيٌ وَنَدَامَةٌ إِلَّا مَنْ أَخَذَهَا بِحَقِّهَا وَأَدَّى الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا» . وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: قَالَ لَهُ: «يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ إِنِّي أَرَاكَ ضَعِيفًا وَإِنِّي أُحِبُّ لَكَ مَا أُحِبُّ لِنَفْسِي لَا تَأَمَّرَنَّ عَلَى اثْنَيْنِ وَلَا تَوَلَّيَنَّ مَالَ يَتِيمٍ» . رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ

    Abu Dharr told that he asked God’s Messenger to make him a governor, but he struck him on his shoulder with his hand and said, “You are weak, Abu Dharr, and it is a trust which will be a cause of shame and regret on the day of resurrection except for him who undertakes it as it ought to be undertaken and fulfils his duty in it.” In a version he said to him, “I see that you are weak, Abu Dharr, and I wish for you what I wish for myself. Do not accept rule over two people and do not become guardian of an orphan’s property.” Muslim transmitted it.

    Reference : Mishkat al-Masabih 3682 In-book reference : Book 18, Hadith 22:

  • Mishkat al-Masabih 18 The Offices of Commander and Qadi كتاب الإمارة والقضاء 21


    mishkat 18 The Offices of Commander and Qadi كتاب الإمارة والقضاء 21

    وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «إِنَّكُمْ سَتَحْرِصُونَ عَلَى الْإِمَارَةِ وَسَتَكُونُ نَدَامَةً يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَنِعْمَ الْمُرْضِعَةُ وَبِئْسَتِ الفاطمةُ» . رَوَاهُ البُخَارِيّ

    Abu Huraira reported the Prophet as saying, “You will be eager for the office of commander, but it will become a cause of regret on the day of resurrection. It is a good suckler but an evil weaner.”* Bukhari transmitted it. *In the beginning it causes pleasure, but later such pleasures are cut off. The idea is that one gladly undertakes high office, but later finds it to be a cause of grief.

    Reference : Mishkat al-Masabih 3681 In-book reference : Book 18, Hadith 21:

  • Mishkat al-Masabih 18 The Offices of Commander and Qadi كتاب الإمارة والقضاء 20


    mishkat 18 The Offices of Commander and Qadi كتاب الإمارة والقضاء 20

    وَعَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «لَا تَسْأَلِ الْإِمَارَةَ فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ أُعْطِيتَهَا عَنْ مَسْأَلَةٍ وُكِلْتَ إِلَيْهَا وَإِنْ أُعْطِيتَهَا عنْ غيرِ مَسْأَلَة أعنت عَلَيْهَا»

    ‘Abd ar-Rahman b. Samura told that God’s Messenger said to him, “Do not ask for the position of commander, for if you are given it after asking you will be left to discharge it yourself; but if you are given it without asking you will be helped to discharge it.” (Bukhari and Muslim.)

    Reference : Mishkat al-Masabih 3680 In-book reference : Book 18, Hadith 20:

  • Mishkat al-Masabih 18 The Offices of Commander and Qadi كتاب الإمارة والقضاء 19


    mishkat 18 The Offices of Commander and Qadi كتاب الإمارة والقضاء 19

    وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسلم: «من بَايَعَ إِمَامًا فَأَعْطَاهُ صَفْقَةَ يَدِهِ وَثَمَرَةَ قَلْبِهِ فَلْيُطِعْهُ إِنِ اسْتَطَاعَ فَإِنْ جَاءَ آخَرُ يُنَازِعُهُ فاضربوا عنق الآخر» . رَوَاهُ مُسلم

    ‘Abdallah b. ‘Amr reported God’s Messenger as saying, “If anyone swears allegiance to an imam , giving him his hand in ratification and sincere agreement in his heart, he must obey him if he can. Then if another comes and contends with him, cut off that other one’s head.” Muslim transmitted it.

    Reference : Mishkat al-Masabih 3679 In-book reference : Book 18, Hadith 19:

  • Mishkat al-Masabih 18 The Offices of Commander and Qadi كتاب الإمارة والقضاء 18


    mishkat 18 The Offices of Commander and Qadi كتاب الإمارة والقضاء 18

    وَعَنْهُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: «مَنْ أَتَاكُمْ وَأَمْرُكُمْ جَمِيعٌ عَلَى رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَشُقَّ عَصَاكُمْ أوْ يُفرِّقَ جماعتكم فَاقْتُلُوهُ» . رَوَاهُ مُسلم

    He told that he heard God’s Messenger say, “If anyone comes to you when you are united under one man desiring to split you or cause parties in your community, kill him.” Muslim transmitted it.

    Reference : Mishkat al-Masabih 3678 In-book reference : Book 18, Hadith 18:

  • Mishkat al-Masabih 18 The Offices of Commander and Qadi كتاب الإمارة والقضاء 17


    mishkat 18 The Offices of Commander and Qadi كتاب الإمارة والقضاء 17

    وَعَنْ عَرْفَجَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: «إِنَّهُ سَيَكُونُ هَنَاتٌ وَهَنَاتٌ فَمَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُفَرِّقَ أَمْرَ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ وَهِيَ جَمِيعٌ فَاضْرِبُوهُ بِالسَّيْفِ كَائِنًا مَنْ كانَ» . رَوَاهُ مُسلم

    ‘Arfaja told that he heard God’s Messenger say, “Various corruptions will arise, so strike with the sword him who tries to cause separation in this people when they are united, whoever he be.” Muslim transmitted it.

    Reference : Mishkat al-Masabih 3677 In-book reference : Book 18, Hadith 17:

  • Mishkat al-Masabih 18 The Offices of Commander and Qadi كتاب الإمارة والقضاء 16


    mishkat 18 The Offices of Commander and Qadi كتاب الإمارة والقضاء 16

    وَعَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «إِذَا بُويِعَ لِخَلِيفَتَيْنِ فاقتُلوا الآخِرَ منهُما» . رَوَاهُ مُسلم

    Abu Sa’id al-Khudri reported God’s Messenger as saying, “When allegiance is sworn to two caliphs kill the second of them.* Muslim transmitted it. * Some interpret ‘kill’ here as meaning to fight with. The tradition is directed against the possibility of two Caliphs holding power at the same time, even though the areas might be quite distinct.

    Reference : Mishkat al-Masabih 3676 In-book reference : Book 18, Hadith 16: